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https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/peacoat-guide-history-sizing-buy/
In the 18th Century, Midshipmen were sometimes called "reefers" (which some might consider better than being called a "snotty") and the coats they wore were sometimes called "reefer coats". (See the book "Rattlin, The Reefer", for an example.)
In the 18th Century, pilots wore jackets called "pilot coats", sometimes shortened to "p coats". (See several of Captain Marryat's books for examples.)
Somehow, over the years, p coats have become peacoats (although they have nothing to do with peas) and are now worn not just by pilots as a mark of their office, but by all sorts of people, both at sea and far from the sea.
In the 18th Century, reefer coats were shorter than pilot coats.
https://www.gentlemansgazette.com/peacoat-guide-history-sizing-buy/